PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.